Student Publications Stylebook

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

While student publications will primarily rely on the Associated Press Stylebook, occasionally it will be necessary to follow the style dictated by the campus. This style sheet purports to supplement the Associated Press Stylebook. Students, writers or editors who have questions that this style sheet does not answer should refer to the AP Stylebook.   

Style means uniformity and simplicity.  Without a uniform style, a newspaper lacks good appearance and taste.  The rules of grammar, punctuation and spelling always apply. 

ABBREVIATIONS

Spell out University of Arkansas at Monticello on the first reference. Use University of Arkansas-Monticello if preceding a proper name (e.g. University of Arkansas-Monticello Boll Weevils) or the University of Arkansas at Monticello if describing the campus proper. Thereafter, refer to as UAM. Generally, writers should avoid referring to the school in the lead to avoid long leads and redundancy. For example, do not write the UAM Student Government Association; use the Student Government Association. People know where we are; that's why they're reading.

For ease of reading, refer to the technical campuses as UAM College of Technology-McGehee or UAM College of Technology-Crossett on first reference, then as the McGehee campus or Crossett campus on second reference.

Abbreviate academic degrees with capital letters, but use lowercase when spelling out degrees:

B.A. – bachelor of arts
M.S. – master of science
M.A. – master of arts
Ph.D. – doctor of philosophy
Ed.D. – doctor of education

Avoid degree abbreviations like B.S. Use an apostrophe in the spelled out version: bachelor's in journalism, master's in creative writing. 

See academic titles, military titles and government titles in AP style. However, spell out titles with names used in direct quotes.
Incorrect: "Gov. Huckabee is coming to town."
Correct: "Governor Huckabee is coming to town." 

Do not use contractions unless they are part of a quote, except in feature stories, in which spelling out words might be too formal.

 Do not abbreviate in text

  • Christmas as Xmas.
  • Names such as Robert (Robt.) or Charles (Chas.).
  • Names of the days of the week except in tabular form.
  • Percent as % except in tabular form.
  • Cents as ¢.
  • And as an ampersand unless an official part of a name    (Procter & Gamble, Arts & Entertainment Editor).
  • Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

CAPITALIZATION

Do not capitalize college classes:  freshman, sophomore, junior or senior

Do not capitalize academic specialties and subjects, except languages: professor of history, senior chemistry and Spanish double major

Capitalize titles of academic units: School of Arts and Humanities, Division of Computer Information Systems

Be careful when mixing, e.g. professor of history in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Do not capitalize the proper names of courses except languages; composition I, news reporting, introduction to mass communication, fundamentals of English

Use the descriptive title of a course, not the course number: news writing rather than journalism 2004.

Capitalize the official names of academic units, administrative units, official committees and building names: School of Arts and Humanities, Admissions Office, Student Affairs committee, Sorrells Hall, Memorial Classroom Building.

Capitalize the word room when used with the number of the room: Room 112, Sorrells Hall.  Better yet, use the room number in front of the building: 112 Sorrells Hall.

Capitalize formal titles before a name; lowercase and set off with commas after a name. Place long titles behind the name. Don't capitalize job descriptions: lawyer, welder, mechanic, etc.

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

PEOPLE

On first reference, use a person's full name, including the middle initial and title if important to the story. On second reference, use only the last name with no title.
First reference: President George W. Bush
Possible second references: The president agreed. Bush agreed.

Do not use a middle initial or nickname unless the source normally uses it, e.g. President George W. Bush, "Convoy" Leslie

Abbreviate junior or senior after a name; don't use a comma to set it off: David Leroy Sitton Jr. 

Don't use courtesy titles: Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms.

Students - As one would not use "freshwoman," refer to freshmen as a first-year student.

Identify all students using major, classification and hometown.  Disperse the information throughout the story, but if the story only mentions the person once, use this form:  John Smith, a senior chemistry major from Star City.

Never use “grad,” “alum” or “frat.”

Professors - AP style indicates that most people think of a physician when they see the title Dr. Therefore, identify professors by rank and discipline (capitalize academic units) on first reference: associate professor of biology, instructor of journalism, vice chancellor of Student Affairs/University Relations and dean of the School of Arts and Humanities. Capitalize titles before a name, lowercase titles after a name.

Use chairman or chairwoman rather than chairperson when referring to committee leaders.  Use chair for all academic unit chairs unless there is a dean.  

Save Dr. for physicians unless explaining degree:
Dr. Mark Miller, a journalist
It's better to say Mark Miller, who has a doctorate in communications, ...

Do not abbreviate assistant or associate professor, instructor or professor.

Never use “doc” or “prof”

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

DEPARTMENTS

Academic

Lowercase departments; uppercase Schools and Divisions. CHECK to make sure you have correctly identified the faculty or staff member by looking at these pages:

Division of Agriculture - http://www.uamont.edu/Agriculture/faculty.html

School of Arts and Humanities- http://www.uamont.edu/Arts_and_Humanities/faculty.html

School of Business - http://www.uamont.edu/Business/faculty.htm

Division of Computer Information Systems - http://www.uamont.edu/CIS/faculty.html

School of Education - http://www.uamont.edu/education/f&s.htm

School of Forest Resources - http://www.afrc.uamont.edu/sfr/SFRFaculty.htm

College of General Studies

School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences - http://www.uamont.edu/Math_and_Sciences/faculty.asp

Division of Nursing - http://www.uamont.edu/Nursing/Faculty.htm

School of Social and Behavioral Sciences - http://www.uamont.edu/Social_and_Behavioral/SB/faculty.html

College of Technology - Crossett - http://www.uamont.edu/UAMCTC/faculty.htm

College of Technology - McGehee

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Administrative

Uppercase Departments, Office.

Department of Academic Affairs

Department of Finance and Administration

Athletics Department

Fred J. Taylor Library & Technology Center - Staff

Office of Student Affairs - Staff

College of Technology - Crossett - Administration

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

GROUPS

Student Activities provides an updated list of student organizations on campus.

Identify honorary fraternities, as in “Pi Kappa Delta, honorary forensics fraternity.”  Consult a listing of the UAM Student Handbook for a complete listing of honorary fraternities. 

Capitalize “Greek” when referring to social organizations with Greek letter names:  Greek housing, Greek candidate and the Greeks.

Use the following abbreviations and member references on second reference for UAM fraternities:

Alpha Phi Alpha – APA, members called Alphas
Kappa Alpha Order – KA, members called KAs
Kappa Alpha Psi – KAP, members called Kappas
Kappa Kappa Psi – KKP, members called Psis
Phi Beta Sigma – PBS, members called Betas
Phi Lambda Chi – PLC, members called Phi Lambs
Sigma Tau Gamma – STG, members called Sig Taus
Tau Kappa Epsilon – TKE, members called Tekes

Use the following abbreviations and member references on second reference for UAM sororities:

Alpha Kappa Alpha, AKA, members called AKAs
Alpha Sigma Alpha – ASA, members called Alpha Sigs
Alpha Sigma Tau – AST, members called Alpha Taus
Delta Sigma Theta – DST, members called Deltas
Sigma Sigma Sigma – SSS, members called Sigmas
Zeta Phi Beta – ZPB, members called Zetas 

Within the same story, lower case these common nouns when they stand alone in subsequent references. 
     Correct: The party leaders met. 
      Incorrect: The Party leaders met. 

In all plural uses, lower case the common noun elements. 
     Correct: The Democratic and Republican parties. 
     Incorrect: The Democratic and Republican Parties. 

On first reference, don't put an abbreviation or acronym in parentheses after an organization's name. On second reference with lesser known organizations, use methods similar to the following to refer to the organization rather than using an acronym: 

     First reference - Committee Against Litter 
     Second reference - the committee or the anti-litter  group. 

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

PLACES

The campus map provides updated links for every building on campus, giving the name, the offices and a photo. Be sure to use the correct full name on first reference when writing about these places.

John F. Gibson University Center

Agriculture and Southeast Research & Extension Center

Babin Business Center (BBC)

Memorial Classroom Building (MCB)

Henry H. Chamberlin Forest Resources Complex

Fred J. Taylor Library & Technology Center

Jeter Hall

Sorrells Hall

Wells Hall

Music Building

Science Center

Administration Building

Harris Hall

Fine Arts Center - Spencer Gallery

Willis "Leslie" Convoy Cotton Boll Stadium

Herman C. Steelman Fieldhouse

Horsfall Hall

Royer Hall

Capitalize directions when referring to regions in the state, but not when just noting directions: Southeast Arkansas, Northeast Louisiana, traveling north to Little Rock, etc.

Capitalize specific geographic regions and popularized names for those regions: Midwest, the South, the Appalachians. The same rule applies for some geologic regions. Check the AP stylebook to be certain. For instance: the Permian Basin, the Hill Country. 

Omit the state name after the Arkansas city or town except when the readers might confuse the city with a town or city of the same name in another state: Nashville, Ark.  See dateline entry in the AP Stylebook for cities in other states that do not require state designations. 

Capitalize proper nouns and common nouns such as party, river and street when they become an integral part of a full name for place, person or thing. For instance: Green Party or Arkansas River. 

States spelled with six or fewer letters aren't abbreviated when used with a city name. Eight fit that category. One is Ohio: New Concord, Ohio, but Knoxville, Tenn. NEVER use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations. 

Abbreviate avenue (Ave.), boulevard (Blvd.) and street (St.) when a complete address is given. Otherwise, spell out. The correct forms are: 1505 Wewoka Drive, 3054 W. Wolf Valley Road, 1400 Laurel Ave. Apt. 2, Laurel Avenue, Third Street, 42nd Street, 1505 42nd St.

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

SPORTS

You can find information on Weevil Athletics through the departmental homepage.

All UAM athletic teams are members of the Gulf South Conference.  This can be abbreviated GSC after initially referring to the conference.

Use University of Arkansas-Monticello (team name) on first reference, but just UAM or the mascot name on subsequent references.

Abbreviations || Capitalization || People || Departments || Groups || Places || Sports || AP Cheat Sheet

AP Cheat Sheet

Numbers

Generally, spell out numbers less than 10.
Exceptions include:
 

Addresses:
3 West Hill Ave.
Ages:
The 7-year-old child.
Money:
5 cents

$9
Dates:
Nov. 4
Dimensions:
6 feet tall
 6-by-9 rug
Highways:
U.S. Route 5

State Hwy. 5
Interstate 69
Percentages:
1 percent
Millions, billions:
$15 million building

$6.8 million contract
Proportions:
6 parts water
Speed:
5 miles per hour
Temperatures:
7 degrees
Times:
1 a.m.
Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence, except for years:

Seventeen people died in the tornado.
1976 marked the nation's bicentennial. 
Mom and dad married July 7, 1977 at 7:07 a.m.

Fractions Spell out amounts less than one, using hyphens between the words:

She pitched two and two-thirds innings of relief.
I want three-fourths of the pie. 

In figures of more than 999, use commas to set off each group of three numerals.

The university enrolled 3,186 students.

Plural forms While single letters like Q's get the s and an apostrophe, numbers, decades and multiple letters get the s but no apostrophe.

He learned his ABCs when he grew up in the '60s.

Abbreviate

Titles

Before a name:

Gov. Mike Beebe
State Police Cpl. Leroy Sitton

the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Military, Police, Firefighters  See stylebook for individual titles.

Junior or senior
after a name, but do not use a comma to set it off:

David Leroy Sitton Jr.
 

Addresses

Avenue (Ave.), boulevard (Blvd.) and street (St.) when a complete address is given. Otherwise, spell out, e.g.:

1400 Laurel Ave. Apt. 2
Laurel Avenue
69 Sunset Blvd.
John F. Kennedy Boulevard
450 42nd St. Ste. 3
Third Street

1505 Wewoka Drive
3054 W. Wolf Valley Road
6 Jennie Lane
29 Broken Arrow Circle

Months with six or more letters if used with a specific date. Spell out those with five or fewer letters (March through July). Only use numerals for the days of the months. Use the day of the week instead of using today, tomorrow, yesterday.

Sept. 11
July 7
Christmas comes in December. 
 

NEVER abbreviate the day of the week.
NEVER use today, yesterday or tomorrow.

Nations unless used as an adjective.

We live in the United States.
He served in the U.S. Air Force.
Hunter drove down U.S. Route 66.
We watched the U.N. General Assembly.
Kofi Annan retired from the United Nations.

Time punctuation

Class starts at 11:10 a.m. and ends at 12:30 p.m.
We ate lunch at noon and finished by 1 p.m.
The party ended at midnight.

Don't Abbreviate

Christmas, days of the week (except in tabular form), percent, cents or ampersands, unless part of an official title:

Procter & Gamble
It takes 60 cents for a soda.
I made 85 percent on the exam.

Names such as Robert (Robt.) or Charles (Chas.)

Titles used before names used in direct quotations:

Suzi said, "Governor Beebe is coming to town." 
"Corporal Sitton told me to stop," he said.

Use Professor, NEVER Prof.; save Dr. for physicians unless explaining degree:

Dr. Mark Miller, a journalist, served as my adviser.
Mark Miller, who has a doctorate in communications, spoke.

The eight states spelled with six or fewer letters when used with a city name. NEVER use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations. 

Monticello, Ark.
New Concord, Ohio
El Paso, Texas
Knoxville, Tenn.

Academic degrees, e.g. B.S. Instead:

She obtained her Bachelor of Arts.
He earned his master's. 

Organizations on first reference. Acronyms should not appear in parentheses after the name, but may be used on second reference.

The University of Arkansas-Monticello Boll Weevils tangle with the Southern Arkansas Mule Riders Nov. 3. UAM coach Gwaine Mathews expects a good game.

With lesser known organizations, use methods similar to the following to refer to the organization rather than using an acronym: 

The Committee Against Litter picketed campus Friday. The anti-litter group wants more trash cans around campus.

Titles, capitalization

Do not use courtesy titles:
Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms.

Capitalize formal titles before a name; lowercase and set off with commas after a name. Place long titles behind the name.

On first reference, use a person's full name, including the middle initial and title if important to the story. On second reference, use only the last name with no title.

President George W. Bush gave the State of the Union address to Congress. The president said appearances can be deceiving.

"We must be careful," Bush said.

Don't capitalize job descriptions:

coach
lawyer
welder
mechanic

Capitalize most technological advances:

hi-fi
Internet
Web
webcam

webcast
Web page

Web site
Wi-Fi access
World Wide Web

Capitalize proper nouns and common nouns such as party, river and street when they become an integral part of a full name for place, person or thing.

Green Party
Arkansas River

Within the same story, lower case these common nouns when they stand alone in subsequent references. 

The party leaders met. 

In all plural uses, lower case the common noun elements. 

The Democratic and Republican parties. 

Seasons Lowercase spring, summer, fall and winter unless the season is used in a formal name:

Winter Olympics 
I love fall.

Capitalize specific geographic or geologic regions and popularized names for those regions, but not directions:

Midwest
the South
I work in southeast Arkansas.
the Appalachians
the Permian Basin
the Hill Country

Capitalize the word room when used with the number of the room:

Jeter Hall Room 101
101 Sorrells Hall

Miscellaneous

AVOID redundant time elements:

Not: 10 a.m. this morning

Don't use extra zeros with time or money:

6 p.m. 
$16

Beware homonyms, which sound the same, but mean entirely different things.

their, there, they're
it's, its
cents, sense
emigrants, immigrants
to, too, two

Drop unnecessary words like that and on.

She said we should go Friday.

Not: She said that we should go on Friday.

AP Style incorporates some obscure punctuation rules. Generally: 

Drop the comma before the punctuation in a simple series:

Red, white and blue comprise the colors of the U.S. flag.

Use a semicolon to set off a series within a series. In this  case, use the semicolon before the conjunction. Example:

I lived in Little Rock, North Little Rock and Monticello; Nashville, Tenn.; Telluride, Colo.; Knoxville, Tenn.; and New Concord, Ohio.

When two or more adjectives express a single concept, use hyphens to link all the words in the compound:

They funded a six-year study.
The 10-member council voted.
The 35-year-old woman held her 2-month-old baby. 

Do not link the words with hyphens when the adverb very is part of the group. 

Not: A very-good time. 

Do not link the words with hyphens when you have adverbs ending in -ly as part of the phrase. 

Not: An essentially-remembered rule.

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©UAM Student Publications 2009
Revised 020209 — http://thevoice.uamont.edu/sm/style.htm