| AP Cheat Sheet |
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For complete style reference, use your
Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual. You might consult the Quick guide to AP style or the Band-Aid AP stylebook.
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Numbers Generally, spell out numbers less than 10.
Exceptions include:
Addresses:
3 West Hill Ave. |
Ages:
The 11-year-old building. |
Money:
5 cents
$9 |
Dates:
Nov. 4 |
Dimensions:
6 feet tall
6-by-9 rug |
Highways:
U.S. Route 5
State Hwy. 5
Interstate 69 |
Percentages:
1 percent
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Millions, billions:
$15 million building
$6.8 million contract |
Proportions:
6 parts water |
Speed:
5 miles per hour |
Temperatures:
7 degrees |
Times:
1 a.m. |
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Spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence,
except for years:
Seventeen people died in the tornado.
1976 marked the nation's bicentennial.
Mom and dad married July 7, 1977 at 7:07 a.m.
Fractions Spell out amounts less than one, using hyphens between the
words:
She pitched two and two-thirds innings of relief.
I want three-fourths of the pie.
In figures of more than 999, use commas to set off each group of three
numerals. The university enrolled 3,186 students. Plural forms
While single letters like Q's get the s and an apostrophe, numbers,
decades and multiple letters get the s but no apostrophe.
He learned his ABCs when he grew up in the '60s. |
| Abbreviate Titles Before a name:
Gov. Mike Beebe
State Police Cpl. Leroy Sitton
the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Military, Police, Firefighters See stylebook for
individual titles.
Junior or senior after a name, but do not use a comma to set it
off:
David Leroy Sitton Jr.
Addresses Avenue (Ave.), boulevard (Blvd.) and street (St.) when a complete address is given. Otherwise, spell out,
e.g.:
1400 Laurel Ave. Apt. 2
Laurel Avenue
69 Sunset Blvd.
John F. Kennedy Boulevard
450 42nd St. Ste. 3
Third Street
1505 Wewoka Drive
3054 W. Wolf Valley Road
6 Jennie Lane
29 Broken Arrow Circle Months with six or more letters if used with a specific
date. Spell out those with five or fewer letters (March through July). Only use
numerals for the days of the months. Use the day of the week instead of
using today, tomorrow, yesterday.
Sept. 11
July 7
Christmas comes in December.
Nations unless used as an adjective.
We live in the United States.
He served in the U.S. Air Force.
Hunter drove down U.S. Route 66.
We watched the U.N. General Assembly.
Kofi Annan retired from the United Nations.
Time punctuation
Class starts at 11:10 a.m. and ends at 12:30 p.m.
We ate lunch at noon and finished by 1 p.m.
The party ended at midnight. |
Don't Abbreviate
Christmas, days of the week (except in tabular form), percent, cents or
ampersands, unless part of an official title:
Procter & Gamble
It takes 60 cents for a soda.
I made 85 percent on the exam.
Names such as Robert (Robt.) or Charles (Chas.)
Titles used before names used in direct quotations:
Suzi said, "Governor Beebe is coming to town."
"Corporal Sitton told me to stop,"
he said.
Use Professor, NEVER Prof.; save Dr. for physicians unless explaining degree:
Dr. Mark Miller, a journalist, served as my adviser.
Mark Miller, who has a doctorate in communications, spoke.
The eight states spelled with six or fewer letters when used
with a city name. NEVER use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations.
Monticello, Ark.
New Concord, Ohio
El Paso, Texas
Knoxville, Tenn.
Academic degrees, e.g. B.S. Instead:
She obtained her Bachelor of Arts.
He earned his master's.
Organizations on first reference. Acronyms should not appear in parentheses
after the name, but may be used on second reference.
The University of Arkansas-Monticello Boll Weevils tangle with
the Southern Arkansas Mule Riders Nov. 3. UAM coach Gwaine Mathews expects a
good game.
With lesser known organizations, use methods similar to the following to refer to the organization rather than using an acronym:
The Committee Against Litter picketed campus Friday. The anti-litter group
wants more trash cans around campus.
NEVER abbreviate the day of the week.
NEVER use today, yesterday or tomorrow.
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Titles, capitalization
Do not use courtesy titles:
Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms.
Capitalize formal titles before a name; lowercase and set off with commas
after
a name. Place long titles behind the name. On first reference, use a person's full name, including the middle initial
and title if important to the story. On second reference, use only the
last name with no title.
President Barack Obama gave the State of the Union address
to Congress. The president said appearances can be deceiving.
"We must be careful," Obama said.
Don't capitalize job descriptions:
coach
lawyer
welder
mechanic
Capitalize most technological advances:
hi-fi
Internet
Web
webcam
webcast
Web page
Web site
Wi-Fi access
World Wide Web |
Capitalize proper nouns and common nouns such as party,
river and street when they become an integral part of a full name for place,
person or thing.
Green Party
Arkansas River
Within the same story, lower case these common nouns when they stand
alone in subsequent references.
The party leaders met.
In all plural uses, lower case the common noun elements.
The Democratic and Republican parties.
Seasons Lowercase spring, summer, fall and winter unless the season is
used in a formal name:
Winter Olympics
I love fall.
Capitalize specific geographic or
geologic regions and popularized names for those regions, but not
directions:
Midwest
the South
I work in southeast Arkansas.
the Appalachians
the Permian Basin
the Hill CountryCapitalize the word room when used with the number of the room:
Jeter Hall Room
101
108 Wells Hall |
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Miscellaneous AVOID redundant time elements:
NOT: 10 a.m. this morning
Don't use extra zeros
with time or money:
6 p.m.
$16
Beware homonyms,
which sound the same, but mean entirely different things.
their, there, they're
it's, its
cents, sense
emigrants, immigrants
to, too, two Drop unnecessary words like that and on.
She said we should go Friday. Not:
She
said that we should go on Friday. |
AP Style incorporates some obscure
punctuation rules. Generally:
Drop the comma before the punctuation in a simple series:
Red, white and blue comprise the colors of the U.S. flag.
Use a semicolon to set off a series within a series. In this case,
use the semicolon before the conjunction. Example:
I lived in Little Rock, North Little Rock and Monticello,
Ark.;
Nashville and Knoxville, Tenn.; Telluride, Colo.; and New Concord, Ohio.
When two or more adjectives express a single concept, use hyphens to
link all the words in the compound: They funded a six-year study.
The 10-member council voted.
The 35-year-old woman held her 2-month-old baby.
Do not link the words with hyphens when the adverb very is part of the
group.
Not: A very-good time.
Do not link the words with hyphens when you have adverbs ending in -ly
as part of the phrase.
Not: An essentially-remembered rule.
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If you don't understand something in this Web note, please e-mail Dr. Sitton.
İRonald W. Sitton 2009
Revised 062609 http://www.uamont.edu/FacultyWeb/sitton/style.html
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